In the ever-progressing world with a constant urge to better human health, imagine having an opportunity to not only sneak a peek but take a deep dive into the path of self-repair. Yes, that’s right, Genomics, as a manual, can help reorient healthcare, shifting the focus from treatment to the cure, making it more patient-centric.
Genomics is the study of all the genes and their inter-relationships with each other and the environment to reveal the collective impact on the growth and development of the organism[1]. Genomics integrates recombinant DNA techniques, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and assess the structure and function of genomes.
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Human Genome Project
Started in the 1990s, the Human Genome Project successfully produced the initial sequence of the human genome in April 2003, along with numerous other extensively researched organisms[2]. This announcement ignited significant momentum in the field of medical and biological research. In light of the progress in deciphering the genomes of disease-causing microorganisms and their carriers, it’s evident that genomics has immense potential to enhance global health. This breakthrough finding made it possible to yield substantial advantages in preventing, diagnosing, and managing both communicable and genetic diseases, alongside addressing prevalent causes of chronic health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and mental illnesses[3].
Genomics and Healthcare
With advancements in understanding genetic codes, it has become possible to map a person’s genetic makeup in a few hours. This speedy DNA sequencing has made genomics a regular part of medical practice, leading to a significant shift towards precision medicine.
Research grounded in genomics empowers medical scientists to create enhanced diagnostic methods, more efficient treatment plans, evidence-driven techniques to showcase clinical effectiveness, and enhanced decision-support tools for patients and healthcare professionals. Treatments will be personalized based on an individual’s unique genetic composition. Detecting a disease in its early stages can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment. Genomics can identify diseases long before any symptoms appear. Many diseases, including cancers, are caused by changes in our genes. Genomics can spot these changes through various genetic tests, many accessible online. If your test results suggest you might be at risk for a condition, you can take proactive measures to delay or even prevent the disease from developing.
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In the beauty field, which is on a boom, extensive research has helped examine the connection between the human microbiome and various skin conditions such as psoriasis, acne, and chronic wounds. Through rigorous investigation, the following insights have been found:
(i) the composition of bacterial microbiota across different areas of the skin
(ii) the role these skin microbes play in preserving or impacting the overall health of the human host
(iii) the intricate interplay between the host’s immune system and the microbial communities on the skin
(iv) the potential causal relationships between bacteria and skin diseases[4].
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In 2020, the American Heart Association (AHA) took a significant step by endorsing the implementation of genetic testing for individuals diagnosed with various cardiovascular conditions, including cardiomyopathy, arrhythmic disorders, and vascular disorders. Furthermore, the AHA emphasized the importance of genetic testing by identifying 30 medically actionable genes associated with cardiovascular diseases[5].
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Owing to Genomics, we can now find answers to many questions like “What causes certain cancer drugs to be highly effective only in specific groups of patients?” or “What factors contribute to heightened susceptibility to skin allergies in certain individuals?” To our surprise, with DNA sequencing becoming a standard practice, it is increasingly likely that medications will routinely be prescribed according to our genetic profiles. This shift will help minimize adverse side effects and enhance the speed and effectiveness of treatments.
Genomics is a dynamic and rapidly advancing field that can sometimes be intricate. However, it promises to enable “personalized medicine” and assist general practitioners in customizing healthcare to address each patient’s unique needs.
Disclaimer: This is a sponsored article powered by Mapmygenome. The information provided in this article in the form of text, tips, suggestions, and products comprises general advice for consumers. Tata 1mg does not endorse any brands and is not responsible for their efficacy.
(The article is written by Dr.Subita Alagh, Senior Executive, and reviewed by Monalisa Deka, Senior Health Content Editor)
References
1. National Human Genome Research Institute. A Brief Guide to Genomics. Available online from: https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/A-Brief-Guide-to-Genomics#:~:text=Genomics%20is%20the%20study%20of,and%20with%20the%20person’s%20environment
2. National Human Genome Research Institute. Human Genome Project. Available online from: https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/educational-resources/fact-sheets/human-genome-project
3. World Health Organization. Advisory Committee on Health Research. Genomics and world health/report of the Advisory Committee on Health Research. Genomics and the Genome Projects. Available online from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42453/a74580.pdf
4. Kong HH. Skin microbiome: Genomics-based insights into the diversity and role of skin microbes. Trends Mol Med. 2011 Jun;17(6):320-8. Available online from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3115422/
5. Musunuru K, Hershberger RE, Day SM, et al. American Heart Association Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Genetic Testing for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2020 Aug;13(4):e000067. Available online at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32698598/