Fever Confusion: Is It the Flu or Dengue?
Fever can be alarming, especially with body aches, fatigue, and other symptoms. But how do you know if it’s caused by the flu or something more serious like dengue? While both viral illnesses share initial symptoms, understanding their differences—particularly with respiratory signs—can make a big difference in management. In this article, we’ll break down the key differences between fever due to dengue and flu, focusing on respiratory symptoms and other distinguishing factors.
Understanding Flu Fever
What is Flu Fever?
The flu (influenza) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, typically spreading through respiratory droplets. Symptoms often start 1-4 days after exposure, and the fever can last 3-7 days.
The flu is more common during colder months and can range from mild to severe, potentially leading to complications like pneumonia, bronchitis, and worsening chronic conditions such as asthma or diabetes.
Key Symptoms of Flu Fever:
-Moderate to high fever
-Chills
-Sore throat
-Dry, persistent cough
-Runny or stuffy nose
-Fatigue
-Body aches
-Headache
Understanding Dengue Fever
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever is a viral illness transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The fever typically sets in 4-10 days after the mosquito bite and lasts 2-7 days. While mild dengue symptoms may resemble the flu, severe cases can escalate into dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), both of which are life-threatening[1].
Key Symptoms of Dengue Fever:
-High fever (up to 104°F/105°F or 40°C)
-Severe headache
-Pain behind the eyes
-Severe joint and muscle pain (known as “breakbone fever”)
-Rash appearing 2-5 days after fever onset
-Nausea and vomiting
-Fatigue
In severe cases, you might notice:
-Severe abdominal pain
-Persistent vomiting
-Rapid breathing
-Bleeding gums or nose
-Fatigue
-Blood in vomit or stool
Warning Signs
If the fever subsides but severe symptoms like fatigue, restlessness, and cold, pale skin appear, seek immediate medical attention as it may indicate severe dengue.
Worried about dengue symptoms? Book your dengue test online now!
Is dengue contagious?
Many people think dengue is contagious, but it is not. Instead of spreading directly from person to person, dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. So, while you can’t catch dengue from someone who has it, preventing mosquito bites is essential to stop its spread.
Dengue vs. Flu Fever: Key Differences
1. Fever Patterns
A. Dengue:
-Febrile Phase: You’ll start with a sudden high fever (about 104°F) lasting 2 to 7 days, often with muscle aches, headaches, and sometimes a rash. Some may experience a fever drop followed by another spike.
-Critical Phase: The fever may drop between days 3 and 7, but this is a dangerous stage where serious issues can arise, like a drop in blood platelets.
-Recovery Phase: You’ll gradually feel better over 2 to 3 days as your body reabsorbs excess fluid, and your heart rate may slow down.
B. Flu: Flu fever develops gradually, typically from 100°F to 102°F, and is continuous for 3-4 days. Fatigue, body aches, chills, sore throat, cough and congestion often accompany it.
2. Body Pain
-Dengue: Severe joint and muscle pain, commonly referred to as “breakbone fever,” is a hallmark of dengue. Pain behind the eyes is also a common symptom.
-Flu: Flu causes body aches, but they tend to be less intense than in dengue.
3. Respiratory Symptoms
-Dengue: Respiratory symptoms are minimal or absent, though mild sore throat or nasal congestion may occur.
-Flu: Prominent respiratory symptoms include cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and sometimes shortness of breath.
4. Rash
-Dengue: A rash is common, appearing 2–5 days after fever starts. It may begin on the chest and spread to other body parts.
-Flu: Rashes are rare in flu and if present, they’re more likely due to another underlying condition.
5. Nausea and Vomiting
-Dengue: These symptoms are more frequent in dengue, particularly in children.
-Flu: Nausea and vomiting are less common but may occur, especially in children or severe cases.
When to Seek Medical Help
Both dengue fever and the flu can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Here are some red flags that require immediate medical attention:
-Dengue Fever: Look for signs like severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, and cold, clammy skin—these could indicate dengue hemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock syndrome (DSS).
-Flu Fever: Watch for difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or a persistent high fever that may signal complications like pneumonia or bronchitis.
Prevention Tips:
-Dengue: The best way to prevent dengue is to avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and sleeping under mosquito nets.
-Flu: The best way to reduce the risk of flu is by getting vaccinated every year. While vaccination doesn’t completely prevent the flu, it significantly reduces the risk of complications and hospital admissions.
Practicing good hygiene- washing your hands regularly and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, also helps.
Getting a flu shot is the easiest way to protect yourself.
Book your flu shot today.
Treatment
For Dengue
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue fever. Management focuses on relieving symptoms and maintaining hydration. Here’s what to do:
– Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
– Pain Relief: Use paracetamol to manage pain and fever. Avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin, as they can increase bleeding risk.
– Rest: Ensure ample rest to help your body recover.
For Flu
For the flu, treatment is primarily supportive and may include:
– Rest and hydration: Drink fluids and get plenty of rest.
– Over-the-counter medications: Use paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve fever and body aches.
– Antiviral medications: If diagnosed early, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medications to reduce the severity and duration of the flu[2].
– For respiratory relief: Consider using decongestants like phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine for a runny or stuffy nose, cough suppressants like dextromethorphan to ease a persistent cough, and expectorants such as guaifenesin to help clear mucus from your lungs.
Know the Difference and Act Fast!
While dengue and flu fevers may start with similar symptoms, they differ significantly, especially in their respiratory impacts. Recognizing these differences is key for accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. If you’re unsure, always consult a healthcare provider to ensure timely care and avoid complications.
Stay proactive—learn more about dengue and flu, and consult with a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
(The article is written by Nancy Dixit, Subject Matter Expert, and reviewed by Monalisa Deka, Senior Health Content Editor)
References:
1.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue
2. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/symptoms.htm
Recommended reads:
Dengue Fever: When And How To Get Tested?
Why Is It Important To Get Vaccinated For Flu Every Year?