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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs, although it can affect other parts of the body as well. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Yes, tuberculosis (TB) can be diagnosed in the early stages with appropriate testing methods.
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Early detection and diagnosis of TB are crucial for initiating prompt treatment and preventing the spread of the disease. Here are some common methods used for diagnosing TB in its early stages:
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Also known as the Mantoux test, this involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin into the skin of the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, a healthcare provider will check for a reaction at the injection site.
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These blood tests detect the release of interferon-gamma by T cells in response to specific TB antigens. IGRAs are more specific than the tuberculin skin test.
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A chest X-ray can reveal abnormalities in the lungs caused by TB, such as infiltrates, cavities, or nodules. While a chest X-ray alone cannot confirm a diagnosis of TB.
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This test involves examining sputum (phlegm) samples under a microscope to detect the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB), which are characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Sputum samples can be cultured in a laboratory to grow and identify the TB bacteria. Sputum culture is considered the gold standard for diagnosing TB.
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