Air pollution is once again a pressing issue in many cities, particularly in Delhi NCR, which reported an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 307 on Monday, categorizing it as 'very poor' according to SAFAR-India.
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The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a numerical scale used to communicate the quality of the air in a specific area and its potential impact on human health. It provides an easy-to-understand way for the public to gauge air pollution levels and their associated health risks.
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 99% of people worldwide breathe air that exceeds safe pollution levels, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where pollution exposure is highest.
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Air pollution in both cities and rural areas leads to fine particulate matter that can cause serious health issues, including strokes, heart diseases, lung cancer, and respiratory illnesses.
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Around 2.6 billion people are exposed to harmful indoor air pollution from using polluting cooking methods, such as open fires or basic stoves that burn kerosene, wood, animal dung, and coal.
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There are two main types of air pollution: 1. Ambient Air Pollution (outdoor) 2. Household Air Pollution (indoor)
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Both types of air pollution are serious health issues, with LMIC facing the biggest challenges. Many people rely on solid fuels for cooking and heating, causing about 3.2 million premature deaths each year, mostly among women and children.
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LMIC also suffer greatly from outdoor air pollution, resulting in about 3.68 million premature deaths annually, which is nearly eight times higher than in high-income countries (0.47 million).
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– Particulate Matter (PM): This includes larger particles (PM10) from natural sources like pollen and dust, and smaller particles (PM2.5) from burning fuels.
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– Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): This gas comes from burning fuels in vehicles, stoves, and power plants. – Sulfur Dioxide: Mainly produced by burning fossil fuels for heating and energy.
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Particulate matter is the most monitored pollutant, followed by nitrogen dioxide, due to their significant negative impacts on health.
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By raising awareness and implementing targeted interventions, we can work towards cleaner air and healthier communities for all.
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