What Is Space Anemia & Its Hidden Risks For Astronauts?

Written by: Mantasha

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Recently NASA has confirmed the extension of astronauts Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore's stay at the International Space Station (ISS) until early 2025.

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Although they are trained for long-duration missions, extended time in space can lead to health issues, one of which is Space Anemia.

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What Is Space Anemia?

Space anemia occurs when the body destroys red blood cells faster in space than on Earth—3 million per second instead of 2 million.  This increased breakdown can cause symptoms such as fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance.

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Why Does It Happen?

Research published in the journal Nature Medicine in 2022 found that microgravity, or the near-weightless environment in space, causes this rapid destruction of red blood cells.

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The study of 14 astronauts during six-month ISS missions found that red blood cell counts drop by 10-12% within the first 10 days in space. While the body partially adapts, bringing red blood cell levels closer to normal after 10 days, the long-term effects remain significant.

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What Study Says?

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Impact On Astronauts In Space

Space anemia can impair an astronaut's ability to stand up (orthostatism), exercise, and maintain overall energy levels while in space.

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After Returning To Earth

Upon returning to Earth, space anemia effects can worsen, with continued high red blood cell destruction. Recovery, along with addressing bone density loss and vision issues from long-term microgravity, can take months.

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Preventions To Be Taken

-Monitoring RBC count -Maintaining good nutrition -Exercising regularly -Adapting to microgravity.

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Conclusion

As space missions grow longer, tackling space anemia becomes crucial. Continued research will help support astronauts like Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore, ensuring their health & safety in space and after returning to Earth.

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