Live Well, Live Long : Science-backed tips for a healthier & longer life
Volume 1: What Are Biomarkers & How Are They Related To Ageing?
As promised in the introductory article of our ‘Live Well, Live Long’ series, we’re ready to dive deep into every aspect of ageing—from definitions and key terms to doctor-backed tips for living a longer, healthier life. In the first article, we discuss ‘Biomarkers’ and their role in ageing.
Wrinkles in Time: Decoding Ageing with Biomarkers
Ageing affects everyone, making our bodies function less effectively over time, thereby increasing the susceptibility to illness and mortality. The rate at which this occurs can vary depending on our genes, environmental factors and lifestyle. While the rate may vary, we all inevitably get old. But, what if we could understand the process better and maybe even slow it down?
To better understand ageing and predict the onset of diseases, scientists use biomarkers. Biomarkers are built-in signals in our bodies, that give us clues about how we’re ageing and what treatments can help slow it down. A thorough reading of these biomarkers helps scientists predict and prevent diseases before they start.
In this article, we will see how biomarkers help us understand ageing and influence the ageing process. If you want to know what we will discuss in this series, please refer to the previous introductory article.
| But first, a fact: The Anti-Ageing Hormone Did you know there’s a protein called Klotho known as the “anti-aging hormone”? It helps regulate ageing by boosting our resistance to oxidative stress, maintaining calcium balance, and improving insulin sensitivity [1]. |
Telomeres: The Cellular Timekeepers
Telomeres are protective caps located at the ends of chromosomes (A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes). Think of them as the plastic tips on your shoelaces. With each cell division, telomeres naturally shorten, serving as a biomarker for cellular age and health. Research indicates that shorter telomeres are associated with accelerated cellular ageing and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions. Telomere-lengthening strategies have emerged as potential interventions, as scientists are exploring ways to keep our telomeres longer, which might help us stay healthier as we age, and promote longevity [2]
Protein Power: Age Indicators in Your Blood
Certain proteins in our blood and urine change as we age. For instance, melatonin and cortisol levels shift, signalling changes in our immune system and inflammation[3]. Tracking these proteins helps doctors understand how well our bodies are functioning and where we might need extra care. These biomarkers indicate immune function, inflammation, and the health of vital organs like the heart and brain.
The Real Perks of Biomarkers
Biomarkers aren’t just for scientists in labs—they have real, practical benefits. Understanding them can significantly improve our well-being. Here’s how:
-Early detection: Biomarkers spot changes in the body even before symptoms show up, allowing doctors to start treatment early. This can lead to better outcomes for chronic conditions such as cancer or heart problems.
-Personalized treatment: Biomarkers help tailor treatments to fit each person’s genetics, lifestyle, and health risks. This personalized approach makes treatments more effective while reducing any potential side effects.
-Monitoring progress: Doctors use biomarkers to track how well treatments work over time. This helps them adjust treatments as needed, ensuring that concerned individuals get the best possible care.
-Predicting risks: Biomarkers can predict health risks related to ageing and lifestyle choices. By identifying people at higher risk for certain diseases, they help both doctors and patients take steps like lifestyle changes or preventive treatments to lower those risks.
Biomarkers are like a biological GPS, guiding us toward longer, healthier lives. By understanding and using them effectively, we can take charge of our health, make smart lifestyle choices, and potentially add both quality and quantity to our lives.
Ageing Gracefully: The Biomarker Advantage
Ageing is a part of life, but it doesn’t have to mean a decline in health and vitality. Biomarkers give us a window into our bodies, helping us understand and manage the ageing process better. From telomere length to protein levels, these indicators offer invaluable insights into our health and well-being.
The Future of Ageing: What’s Next for Biomarkers
Looking ahead, ongoing research in biomarkers promises to revolutionize ageing science and healthcare practices. Future studies might reveal new biomarkers that provide even more precise predictions of age-related diseases and individual health trajectories. Advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence and big data analytics, will enhance our ability to interpret biomarker data and develop personalized interventions tailored to each person’s unique ageing profile [4].
What’s next in the series?
Now that you have fairly detailed information about biomarkers and the way they impact ageing, it’s time to take the next step in the journey. Explore the difference between Chronological and biological age in the next volume. Stay tuned and remember: Live Well, Live Long!
References
1. Prud’homme, G. J., Kurt, M., & Wang, Q. (2022). Pathobiology of the Klotho Antiaging Protein and Therapeutic Considerations. Frontiers in Aging, 3, 931331.
2. Sanders, J. L., & Newman, A. B. (2013). Telomere length in epidemiology: a biomarker of aging, age-related disease, both, or neither?. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35(1), 112–131.
3. Martín Giménez, V. M., de Las Heras, N., Lahera, V., Tresguerres, J. A. F., Reiter, R. J., & Manucha, W. (2022). Melatonin as an Anti-Aging Therapy for Age-Related Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 888292.
4. Ader, I., et al. (2021). Healthy Aging Biomarkers: The INSPIRE’s Contribution. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, 10(4), 313–319. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2021.15
The article is written by Mantasha, Executive, Clinical Health & Content, and reviewed by Monalisa Deka, Senior Health Content Editor