Affiliates - Dengue Fever Antigen NS1, IgG & IgM near me in Bangalore

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Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen

The Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test measures the NS-1 protein of the dengue virus. This protein is secreted into the blood during the infection. Hence, it can only be detected during the early stages of the illness. It is recommended to do the Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test in the first 5 days of fever. After 7-10 days of continuous fever, the recommended test is dengue fever antibodies IgG & IgM.

Dengue fever may progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome if left untreated. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) includes variable manifestations like bleeding, vomiting blood, passing blood in the stool, difficulty breathing, and cold, clammy skin, especially in the extremities. If progressed, the virus may attack blood vessels, causing capillaries to leak fluid into the space around the lungs (pleural effusion) or the abdominal cavity (ascites).

Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a severe complication of dengue fever caused when the body's immune system overreacts to the dengue virus. It can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure and dehydration. If not managed in a timely manner, it may lead to multiple organ failures.

What Do the Results Mean?

Test Parameter	Interpretation	Possible causes
Negative	No detectable dengue NS1 antigen	Suggests absence of active dengue infection
Equivocal	Repeat test after 1 week	NA
Positive	Presence of detectable dengue NS1 antigen	Indicates active dengue infection

What Does a Negative Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Test Result Mean?

A negative result usually indicates no active dengue infection. However, if the test is performed after the first week of illness, the NS1 antigen may no longer be detectable as antibody levels begin to rise. If symptoms persist, your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as dengue IgM or IgG antibody testing, to confirm the diagnosis.

What Does an Equivocal Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Test Result Mean?

An equivocal result means the test outcome is borderline or inconclusive. In such cases, it is recommended to repeat the test after one week or follow up with dengue IgM/IgG antibody tests for confirmation.

What Does a Positive Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Test Result Mean?

A positive result confirms an active dengue infection. Early detection allows doctors to begin timely management, monitor platelet counts, and prevent complications such as severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome.

Can Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Test Results Be Inaccurate?

Yes. Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test results may be inaccurate if the sample is collected too early or too late, in cases of secondary dengue infection, due to cross-reactivity with similar viruses, or because of technical errors during testing.

What Factors Can Affect Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Test Results?

Though it is a reliable test, some circumstances can influence accuracy:

Timing of sample collection
Secondary dengue infection
Cross-reactivity with similar viruses from the flavivirus family, such as Zika, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, or West Nile virus
Errors in sample handling

What follow-up tests may be required?

If your Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test results are positive or if symptoms persist despite a negative result, your doctor may recommend additional tests to confirm the diagnosis and monitor disease progression. These may include:

Table: Tests Commonly Ordered Alongside Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Test

Test Name	Primary Purpose
Dengue IgM & IgG Antibodies (ELISA)	To confirm infection stage: IgM for recent infection and IgG for past or secondary infection
Complete Blood Count (CBC)	To monitor platelet count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels for signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever
Liver Function Tests (LFT)	To assess liver involvement commonly seen in dengue infection
Serological or Molecular Tests (RT-PCR)	To detect dengue virus RNA and confirm the viral serotype

How Does Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen Differ from Other Dengue Blood Tests?

The Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test detects the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue virus, which appears in the blood within 1 to 2 days of infection and remains detectable for up to a few days after symptom onset. This makes it highly useful for the early diagnosis of dengue during the acute phase of illness.

In contrast, other dengue blood tests, such as dengue IgM and IgG antibody tests and the dengue RNA PCR test, serve different purposes in diagnosing the infection:

Dengue IgM Antibody Test: Detects IgM antibodies that typically appear 4–5 days after symptoms begin, indicating a recent or ongoing infection.

Dengue IgG Antibody Test: Identifies IgG antibodies that develop after 7–10 days, suggesting a past or secondary dengue infection.

Dengue RNA PCR Test: Detects the genetic material (RNA) of the dengue virus and is the most sensitive test for early diagnosis, capable of identifying the virus even before the NS1 antigen becomes detectable.

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Dengue Fever, IgG & IgM

A Dengue Fever, IgG & IgM test measures two parameters in the blood: IgG and IgM antibodies. When a dengue infection occurs, IgM antibodies are the first line of defense, and detection of these antibodies is most effective when done at least 7–10 days after exposure. With time, IgM antibodies fall below detectable levels. IgG antibodies, however, are produced more slowly in response to the infection. Levels of IgG rise with acute infection, stabilize, and persist for a long time.

Dengue fever is usually caused by the four dengue virus serotypes, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection, undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with or without shock.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can go to a higher grade of fever. It might also include variable manifestations, like nose bleeding, vomiting blood, passing blood in the stool, breathing difficulty, cold, and clammy skin, especially in the extremities. During the second phase, the virus may attack blood vessels, causing capillaries to leak fluid into the space around the lungs (pleural effusion) or the abdominal cavity (ascites).

Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a severe complication of dengue fever caused when the body's immune system overreacts to the dengue virus. It can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure and dehydration, and if not managed timely, it may lead to multiple organ failures.

Know more about Dengue Fever, IgG & IgM

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