Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis). Symptoms include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, heart attack. However, some people may have no symptoms until the disease significantly worsens.

Men are generally at a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) at a younger age. However, women's risk increases after menopause due to the decline in protective estrogen levels. Family history, advancing age, high blood pressure, an abnormal cholesterol profile, diabetes, obesity, and smoking are the major risk factors for CAD.

Management of CAD includes lifestyle changes like consuming a heart-healthy diet, an exercise regime, and cessation of smoking and alcohol. Medications can help to manage risk factors along with treating the symptoms. Surgery might be advised in severe cases.