G6PD Deficiency

G6PD deficiency is a genetic condition in which the body lacks enough of an enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) that helps protect red blood cells. It is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene and can lead to red blood cell breakdown when exposed to certain triggers, such as infections, certain foods (e.g., fava beans), or medications.

It is more common in males. Other risk factors include African, Mediterranean, or Asian ethnicity, and having a family history of the condition. People with G6PD deficiency generally remain asymptomatic throughout their lifetime unless exposed to certain triggers. 

Symptoms include fatigue, neonatal jaundice (yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes in newborns), and chronic non-spherocytic anemia (destruction of premature red blood cells).

G6PD deficiency cannot be prevented since it's genetic, but its effects can be fully avoided by staying away from certain drugs and foods.