Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for two main conditions Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis which are autoimmune disorders characterized by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. While Crohn's disease affects the entire digestive tract, ulcerative colitis specifically targets the colon and rectum.
The inflammation hampers the normal functioning of the affected gastrointestinal organs, leading to persistent symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and tiredness (fatigue). IBD is a lifelong condition that has periodic flare-ups which can be severe in some cases.
Genetics, smoking, certain medications and microbial influences contribute to the risk of IBD. Dietary adjustments, stress management, and regular exercise are key lifestyle changes beneficial for managing IBD.
Treatment is based on the severity of the disease and the risk of unfavourable outcomes. IBD treatment may involve medications, and, in certain cases, surgery.
