Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of one or both lungs. These air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, leading to symptoms such as a cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common bacterial cause.
The illness can range from mild to life-threatening, with the most serious cases occurring in infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions.
The good news is that pneumonia is often preventable. Vaccines, especially the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, can significantly reduce the risk. Practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding smoking, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle also help protect the lungs and prevent infection.
Treatment usually includes rest, fluids, and antibiotics or antivirals. In severe cases, hospitalization, oxygen therapy, or intravenous medications may be needed, particularly for high-risk individuals or when complications develop.
