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Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum

Also referred as

Lactic Dehydrogenase

Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum test measures the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme in the blood. This enzyme is found in nearly all of the body’s cells, with the highest levels in the cells of the heart, liver, muscles, red blood cells and kidneys. It is released in the bloodstream as a result of tissue damage following an injury. This test can help detect a variety of conditions, including heart disease, liver disease, muscle injury, and certain types of cancer.

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Understanding Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum

The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme plays a crucial role in the process of converting lactate into pyruvate (a type of sugar), which is then used by the cells for energy. Under normal circumstances, it exists at low levels in the blood. However, during severe tissue damage, LDH levels rise significantly, serving as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of tissue damage. The Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum test measures the level of LDH enzyme that can indicate tissue damage or disease processes affecting different organs in the body. However, this test does not give clues about the location of the damage.

Your doctor may recommend this test if you experience symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, chest pain or discomfort, breath shortness, unexplained weight loss, fever, etc, suggestive of tissue damage. Additionally, the Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum test may also be used to monitor the progression of certain diseases and conditions and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing treatment.

Higher than normal LDH levels can be seen in various conditions such as muscle injury, liver disease, and heart attacks, and the test is not specific to a single disease or organ system. Hence, additional tests such as imaging studies, other blood tests, or tissue biopsies may be necessary to determine the exact cause of increased LDH levels and confirm a diagnosis.

Usually, no special preparation is needed before undergoing the Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum test. However, it is important to tell your doctor about any medications and supplements you take, as certain medications can affect your test results. Additionally, it is advised to avoid any strenuous exercise or alcohol consumption a few hours before the test, as these factors can interfere with the test results.

Reference ranges are approximate and may vary based on factors such as age, gender, medical history, etc. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation; therefore, always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results.

What does Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum measure?

The Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum test measures the level of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood. LDH is involved in energy production and is present in many types of cells, including those in the heart, liver, muscles, kidneys, brain, and blood cells. When these cells are damaged or destroyed, they release LDH into the bloodstream. Therefore, a minor amount of LDH is continuously released into the bloodstream as part of regular cell turnover and metabolic processes. However, elevated LDH is concerning because it usually signals underlying tissue damage, inflammation, or a wide range of diseases such as liver disease, heart disease, hemolytic anemia, and certain cancers. Its elevation necessitates further diagnostic evaluation to determine the specific cause and appropriate treatment.

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FAQs related to Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum

What is the Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum test?

The Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum is a blood test that measures the levels of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the blood. Elevated LDH levels can indicate tissue damage or disease.

Why is the lactate dehydrogenase test done?

The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test is done to monitor conditions associated with tissue damage, such as heart disease, liver disorders, muscle injury, anemia, and certain cancers.

How is the LDH test performed?

A phlebotomist (a trained professional to perform blood draws) will clean your skin using an antiseptic alcohol cotton swab or wipe and take blood samples from your vein using a needle. The blood sample will be stored safely and transported to the laboratory for analysis.

Do I need to fast before taking the LDH test?

No fasting is required for this test. You can schedule it at your convenience without avoiding food or water beforehand.

How often should I get tested?

The frequency of testing will depend on your doctor's advice based on your symptoms and risk factors.

What do high levels of lactate dehydrogenase indicate?

High levels of LDH in the serum can indicate cell damage due to various causes, including heart attack, hemolysis, liver disease, muscle injury, or cancer. However, LDH is not specific to any one condition.

What should I do if my LDH levels are abnormal?

If your LDH levels are abnormal, it's essential to follow up with your doctor for further evaluation and appropriate management. Your doctor will help interpret the results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.

Are low levels of LDH significant?

Low levels of LDH are generally not considered clinically significant. However, in rare cases, lowered levels may be associated with genetic mutations affecting the LDH enzyme.

Content created by

Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)

MD Lab Medicine, MBBS

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Last Updated

19th Oct 2025