Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal

An Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal test is used to measure the level of Alpha FetoProtein (AFP), a type of protein produced primarily by the liver in a developing baby (fetus). This test is performed between the 14th and 22nd weeks of gestation (ideal 15-20 weeks i.e., second trimester) of pregnancy, to determine whether the baby is at risk for certain birth defects. 

An Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal test is often done as a part of the triple or quadruple screening test conducted during the second trimester of pregnancy. This test analyzes a specific marker called AFP,  a protein primarily produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac. It plays several important roles during pregnancy including growth and development of unborn child and regulating immune responses.

AFP levels help doctors assess the well-being of the unborn child and the overall pregnancy. Abnormal levels of AFP may indicate certain fetal abnormalities or complications such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), or other chromosomal abnormalities. It also screens for neural tube defects like spina bifida (a spinal cord defect) and anencephaly (a brain defect). These birth defects can result in nerve damage, learning disabilities, paralysis, or stillbirth. Timely detection of these abnormalities is vital for ensuring comprehensive prenatal care and addressing potential health problems effectively.

An Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal test is a screening test and any abnormal result does not necessarily mean that the unborn baby has a birth defect or genetic condition. It only tells whether the unborn baby is at risk of developing certain abnormalities and further testing is required to confirm the diagnosis. The decision to recommend an Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal test is often based on maternal age, medical history, and individual risk factors for chromosomal abnormalities. Pregnant women should consult their doctor to determine the most appropriate screening or diagnostic test based on their specific conditions. 

No special preparation is required before undergoing an Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal test. However, a woman needs to be prepared to provide informed consent before undertaking this test. The laboratory personnel will explain the purpose, benefits, and limitations of this test.

Abnormal lab test results represent only the risk but not the diagnostic outcomes. Increased risk does not mean that the baby is affected, and further tests must be performed before a confirmed diagnosis can be made. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. The results of the an Alpha Feto Protein, Maternal test, along with a woman's clinical symptoms and other factors, can help doctors detect and manage pregnancy-related abnormalities and make informed decisions regarding further testing or interventions.