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The VDRL-RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) test looks for antibodies (specific proteins) that react to syphilis in the blood. This means the test doesn't find the actual bacteria that cause syphilis. Instead, it looks for antibodies against substances given off by cells that have been harmed by the bacteria.  Antibodies are a specific type of protein produced by your immune system to fight off any invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins. Detecting these antibodies can help your doctors know if you have syphilis. Untreated syphilis can spread to your eyes, blood vessels, heart, and brain. But it can be easily cured if treated in the early stages.

An Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time test measures the time taken by the blood to form a clot. In other words, it is a screening test that helps evaluate a person’s ability to form blood clots. The test analyzes the amount and the function of specific proteins in the blood called coagulation or clotting factors, which are an essential part of blood clot formation.

Blood clotting or coagulation occurs through a series of cascade reactions due to the activation of clotting factors. There are a total of thirteen clotting factors within our bodies that aid in clot formation, and for healthy clot formation, all clotting factors need to be in the right balance. Any imbalance of these factors can lead to a blood clotting disorder.