HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)

An HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test, also known as a glycosylated hemoglobin test, measures the average amount of sugar in the blood over 2-3 months. This test helps diagnose diabetes and monitor its treatment. It is typically done as part of routine health checkups..

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body's ability to process blood sugar properly, leading to high blood sugar levels. While some individuals may not experience any signs or symptoms, the common signs and symptoms include-

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Slow healing of wounds etc.

Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, carries oxygen throughout the body. When glucose (sugar) molecules in your bloodstream attach to hemoglobin, a process called glycation occurs that causes the formation of glycosylated hemoglobin or HbA1c.. 

An HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin) test provides an overall picture of your long-term blood sugar control, making it essential for managing diabetes. This test can help diagnose and monitor prediabetes and diabetes, allowing for early intervention and treatment to prevent or delay the onset of complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends an HbA1c target of less than 7% to reduce the risk of complications. Individual targets may vary based on factors such as age, duration of diabetes, and the presence of other health conditions.

No special preparation is required before taking an HbA1c test. Test result ranges may vary across the laboratories depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Do not self-medicate and always consult your doctor to understand your test results.

Lifestyle Tips To Manage Your HbA1c levels: 

• 💧Hydration: Stay hydrated! Drinking enough water supports overall health and helps maintain stable blood sugar levels. 
• 🍽️Eat (Diet): Focus on a balanced diet rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Include whole grains, vegetables, nuts, and seeds to help manage blood sugar.
• 🧘Activity (Exercise): Regular physical activity like walking, cycling, or strength training can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control.
• 😴Lifestyle (Sleep): Prioritize quality sleep—poor sleep can affect blood sugar levels and insulin response
• 👩‍⚕️Talk to Your Doctor (Consult): Regularly consult your doctor to understand your HbA1c results and adjust your diabetes management plan if needed
• 🌿Habits (Supplements): Consider supplements like magnesium, chromium etc. (if advised by your doctor) to support healthy blood sugar levels. 

When to get an HbA1c test done?

The HbA1c test measures average blood glucose levels over 2–3 months. It helps diagnose and manage diabetes. Here’s who should consider getting tested:

• General Screening (American Diabetes Association (ADA) Recommendations, 2025) 
  • All adults ≽ 35 years 
  • Under 35 with risk factors -
    • Overweight/ obesity
    • Family history of diabetes
    • High Blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, heart disease
    • Sedentary lifestyle
    • History of gestational diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS) 
• If You Have Symptoms
  • Frequent thirst, urination, or extreme hunger
  • Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or blurred vision
  • Slow-healing wounds or frequent infections
• High-Risk Groups (Monitoring)
  • Prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7% – 6.4%)- Test every 1-2 years
  • Diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% on two tests)- Test every 3-6 months for management