Serum Prolactin

The Serum Prolactin test measures the level of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, and helps diagnose and monitor conditions related to abnormal prolactin levels. In women, prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In men, it contributes to regulating the immune system and reproductive function.

Prolactin plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, particularly in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding in women. The pituitary gland regulates prolactin secretion, and factors such as stress, pregnancy, and nursing can influence its levels.

The Serum Prolactin test helps diagnose hyperprolactinemia (elevated levels of prolactin in the blood) that can be caused by various factors, including medications, pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), hypothyroidism, kidney or liver disease. It can also detect hypoprolactinemia or low levels of prolactin, which is relatively rare and can be caused by certain medications and pituitary disorders. Additionally, the Serum Prolactin test also helps monitor the effectiveness of treatment, such as medications or surgery of pituitary tumors.

The Serum Prolactin test may be recommended for women with symptoms, such as changes in sexual drive, breast milk production that is not associated with pregnancy or childbirth, or irregular periods. It helps assess conditions affecting the reproductive system, especially infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, or galactorrhea (inappropriate lactation). In men, the Serum Prolactin test helps assess sexual dysfunction and infertility and may be suggested for individuals who show symptoms such as erectile dysfunction and abnormal breast enlargement.

Usually, overnight fasting is preferred, however, not mandatory for this test. It's important to note that prolactin levels can vary throughout the day as ​​prolactin is secreted episodically and may be influenced by factors such as stress, exercise, and sleep. Therefore, multiple prolactin tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. The results will help them determine your medical condition and formulate your treatment plan.