Dehydroepiandrosterone
Understanding Dehydroepiandrosterone
What is Dehydroepiandrosterone?
The Dehydroepiandrosterone is a blood test that helps evaluate the levels of a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, gonads and brain. This hormone plays an important role in developing male and female sexual characteristics and maintaining overall hormonal balance.
DHEA changes to DHEA-S (DHEA-sulfate) in your adrenal glands and liver. Your body converts DHEAS into androgens (testosterone and androstenedione) and estrogen. Males make more testosterone, while females make more estrogen, but both the genders produce and use these hormones. DHEAS is critical for the development of male sexual characteristics during puberty and for reproduction in both the genders. DHEAS levels tend to peak around puberty and then naturally decline with age.
Your doctor may suggest a Dehydroepiandrosterone test along with other hormone tests if there are symptoms that may suggest an adrenal disorder, adrenal tumor or another problem. Also, it is often done for women who have signs and symptoms such as no menstrual periods and infertility and when a girl or woman has symptoms related to developing masculine physical characteristics. Infants or children with differences in sex development may also need a DHEAS test. Additionally, the test can be done when young boys show signs of precocious puberty.
Imbalances in DHEA levels can indicate various health problems, including adrenal dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, or conditions like Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Addison’s disease etc.
An overnight fasting is preferred for the Dehydroepiandrosterone test but is not mandatory. Inform your doctor about all the medications or supplements that you may be taking as these may affect your test results, potentially requiring adjustments or temporary discontinuation before this test.
Lab test results may vary across laboratories. The interpretation of the test results requires expert guidance. Therefore, don't self-medicate solely based on these results. Always consult the doctor to understand your test results correctly.
What is Dehydroepiandrosterone used for?
The Dehydroepiandrosterone test is done:
- To evaluate the function of adrenal glands.
- To help diagnose congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and enlargement of the adrenal glands (hyperplasia) in adults.
- To investigate the underlying causes of symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, or irregular menstrual cycles in women
- To investigate adrenal tumors, which can impact hormone production.
- To evaluate androgen production (male hormone) in women
- To help determine the cause of male physical characteristics (virilization) in women or early puberty (precocious) in boys
- To assess the onset of puberty in both boys and girls.
- As a part of investigation for hormonal disorders like Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in women.
- As a part of fertility assessment to explore potential factors affecting reproductive health.
- To monitor the treatment response that may affect adrenal function.
What does Dehydroepiandrosterone measure?
The Dehydroepiandrosterone test measures the concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the blood. This hormone is produced mainly by the adrenal glands, with smaller contributions from the ovaries in women and the testes in men. DHEA is vital for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty and can be converted into more active androgens like testosterone and androstenedione, as well as into estrogens. DHEA levels can help doctors identify conditions like adrenal tumors, hirsutism, and other endocrine disorders, providing insights into hormonal balance within the body.
Interpreting Dehydroepiandrosterone results
Interpretations
- Normal DHEA with normal androgen levels usually indicate that the adrenal gland is functioning normally
A high DHEA may indicate an adrenocortical tumor, Cushing's disease, adrenal cancer or adrenal hyperplasia. It is not diagnostic of a specific condition, further testing may then be required to confirm the diagnosis of the above mentioned conditions - DHEA may be elevated with polycystic ovarian syndrome
- A low level of DHEA may be due to adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease, hypopituitarism