Differential Monocyte Count
Understanding Differential Monocyte Count
What is Differential Monocyte Count?
A Differential Monocyte Count test measures the percentage of monocytes, a type of white blood cell (WBC), in the blood. This test can help identify and monitor conditions such as infections, autoimmune disorders, immune system deficiencies, etc. It is often done as part of a complete blood count test that also measures other types of blood cells.
Monocytes play an important role in the immune system’s defense against infections, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and cell repair. These cells help destroy foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and other dead cells; regulate the immune system’s response by promoting or suppressing the inflammation in the body; contribute in tissue repair and wound healing; and guard against any signs of infection or abnormal cellular activity.
A Differential Monocyte Count test helps identify underlying infections, inflammatory conditions, immune system disorders, etc. A high monocyte count, also known as monocytosis, may indicate a variety of conditions, including infections, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer like leukemia or lymphoma. A low number of monocytes, also known as monocytopenia, may indicate a weak immune system, making an individual more prone to infections. No special preparation is required for a Differential Monocyte Count test; eat or drink as per your daily routine while taking this test.
Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between different labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. The results will help the doctor determine your medical condition and formulate an overall treatment plan.
What is Differential Monocyte Count used for?
A Differential Monocyte Count test can be done:
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As part of a complete blood count test to monitor your overall health.
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To detect infections, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, bone marrow disorders, certain cancers, etc.
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To detect genetic disorders associated with low numbers of monocytes (monocytopenia), such as monomac syndrome.
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To monitor certain genetic abnormalities, such as lipid storage disease, that may affect the function of monocytes, leading to a buildup of fatty (lipid) debris within the cells.
What does Differential Monocyte Count measure?
A Differential Monocyte Count test measures the relative percentage of monocytes in the blood.
Monocytes are the type of white blood cells that originate from bone marrow and travel to different tissues via blood. Once they are inside the tissue, they get converted into macrophages (a type of cell that digests harmful substances). These cells are the second line of defense in the human body after neutrophils. Monocytes are responsible for the removal of injured or dead cells, microorganisms, and other insoluble particles from the blood.
Answers to Patient Concerns & Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Differential Monocyte Count
Frequently Asked Questions about Differential Monocyte Count
Q. What all conditions can a differential monocyte count test detect?
Q. How is a differential monocyte count test done ?
Q. Is there any risk associated with a differential monocyte count test?
Q. What is the most common cause of high monocytes?
Q. What is the function of monocytes?
References
- Gaskill PJ, Calderon TM, Coley JS, Berman JW. Drug induced increases in CNS dopamine alter monocyte, macrophage, and T cell functions: implications for HAND. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Jun; 8:621-42. [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303241/
- Lokwani DP. The ABC of CBC: Interpretation of Complete Blood Count & Histograms. 1st ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2013.
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