Lipoprotein A
Understanding Lipoprotein A
What is Lipoprotein A?
The Lipoprotein A test measures a specific particle, known as lipoprotein (a), in the blood. It is performed to assess the risk of possible heart diseases such as heart attack and stroke. The test is usually performed in people with a family history of heart disease or in those at high risk for developing heart ailments.
Lipoprotein A (Lp-A) is a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood to cells throughout the body. Lp-A is classified as an LDL-like (low-density lipoprotein) molecule that is bound to a molecule of apolipoprotein (a). The values of Lp-A do not appear to be regulated by the same mechanisms as LDL-cholesterol like diet or lifestyle. Instead, it is more affected by hereditary factors. Nevertheless, high levels in individuals at risk can be useful in alerting them to the need to eliminate or control other high-risk factors or monitor lipid-lowering treatments. A Lipoprotein A test may be recommended if you have an existing heart disease, have recently had a heart attack or stroke, or if your LDL cholesterol levels are elevated.
The goal of screening you for Lp-A is early detection of potential cardiovascular problems. Many people do not show any symptoms of high Lp-A. Lp-A levels are largely driven by genes that can be passed down through families. This means you could have a high Lp-A even if you have a healthy lifestyle. So, your doctor may ask to perform the Lipoprotein A test, especially if you have a family history of cardiovascular diseases or if you are at risk of developing heart ailments. The Lipoprotein A test may also be used to monitor ongoing treatment for cholesterol reduction or if the desired cholesterol levels are not being attained during an ongoing high cholesterol treatment.
No special preparation is needed before undergoing the Lipoprotein A. Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. The test results can guide your doctor to tailor a personalized treatment plan to reduce the risk of potential cardiovascular disease and improve your overall health.
What is Lipoprotein A used for?
The Lipoprotein A test is done:
-
To identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular problems if there is a family history of high Lp-A, heart attack, or stroke.
-
To assess an individual's risk of developing cardiovascular events such as stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), or aortic stenosis.
-
In the case of familial hypercholesterolemia.
-
In case of recurrent cardiovascular events (like heart attacks and stroke) despite having controlled risk management.
-
To monitor the effectiveness of treatments in individuals already diagnosed with a heart condition.
What does Lipoprotein A measure?
The Lipoprotein A test measures the amount of lipoprotein A (Lp-A) particles in your blood. Lipoprotein A is a mixture of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a protein called apolipoprotein a. Lp-A levels are largely determined by genetics. Lp-A levels are not significantly affected by diet, exercise, or lifestyle changes, unlike other types of cholesterol. That is why testing for Lp-A is essential, particularly for individuals with a strong family history of cardiovascular (heart or blood vessel) disease as it is considered an independent risk factor for heart attack and stroke. This test can help identify individuals who are at high risk, enabling early intervention to prevent future complications.
Interpreting Lipoprotein A results
Interpretations
This test helps to determine the risk of heart disease in patients with a family history of premature CHD or Stroke, Hypertension, Cigarette smoking, Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, increased LDL and decreased HDL levels.
High levels of Lp(a) increase the risk of heart disease by 2-3 times of normal.