Liver Kidney Microsome - 1 Antibody

The Liver Kidney Microsome - 1 Antibody or LKM-1 antibody test is a blood test used to detect the presence of antibodies directed against liver and kidney microsomal antigens (produced in various liver conditions). This test helps diagnose autoimmune liver diseases, particularly type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-2), distinguishing it from other liver conditions such as type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-1), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and other liver disorders.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, causing inflammation and damage. There are two main types of AIH: Type 1, which is the most common and can affect people of any age, and Type 2, which primarily affects children and young adults with a higher occurrence in females. LKM-1 antibodies are autoantibodies that target specific liver and kidney cell structures. These antibodies are particular for autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2), and their presence in the blood is a specific marker for AIH-2.

The Liver Kidney Microsome - 1 Antibody test is recommended if symptoms of liver disease such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), unexplained fatigue, abdominal pain, dark urine, pale stools, and abnormal liver function tests (particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) are noticed. This test can also be used to monitor the progression of type 2 AIH and the response to treatment.

Apart from type 2 AIH, LKM-1 antibodies can also be found in other liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis and drug-induced hepatitis. Hence, the Liver Kidney Microsome - 1 Antibody test results should be interpreted in conjunction with other tests and clinical findings, such as a smooth muscle antibody (SMA) test, an antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test, or liver biopsies to make a definitive diagnosis. 

No special preparation is needed for this test. However, it is important to inform your doctor about all the medicines and supplements you take, as some of them may affect the test results and may need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued before the test. 

Test result ranges may vary across laboratories. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation; therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results, and always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results. The insights from this test help the doctor tailor an appropriate treatment plan.