Multiple Myeloma Comprehensive Panel Quantitative, Serum

The Immunoglobulin A test measures the concentration of IgA antibodies in the blood. The immune system produces these antibodies in response to pathogens and is primarily active in the mucosal membranes of the body, where they help prevent infections. Elevated levels of IgA may indicate chronic infections, autoimmune conditions, or inflammation, while lower levels can suggest immunodeficiency or impaired antibody production. This test provides essential insight into an individual’s mucosal immune health and is important for diagnosing and managing immune-related conditions.

The Immunoglobulin M test measures the concentration of IgM antibodies in the blood. These antibodies are typically the first line of defense produced by the immune system during an initial exposure to a pathogen (bacteria, virus, etc). Elevated IgM levels indicate a recent or ongoing infection, while low or absent IgM levels suggest that an individual is either not currently infected or that the immune system has entered a later phase of response. This test is particularly useful for diagnosing acute infections and for distinguishing between new and past infections. 

The Immunoglobulin G test measures the concentration of IgG antibodies present in the serum. These antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to specific pathogens or infections. Elevated levels of IgG can indicate recent or chronic infections, while lower levels may suggest an impaired immune response or deficiency. This test is crucial for assessing an individual’s immune status and provides valuable information for doctors to make informed clinical decisions regarding diagnosis, treatment strategies, and ongoing management of various health conditions.

The Kappa/Lambda Ratio test measures the balance of two types of free light chains: free kappa light chains and free lambda light chains. These light chains are components of antibodies produced by plasma cells as part of the immune response. Normally, a small amount of free light chains are present in the bloodstream, but in some conditions, such as plasma cell disorders like primary amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathies, the production of these light chains can rise significantly. 

By considering the balance between kappa and lambda light chains, rather than just their individual levels, the Kappa/Lambda Ratio test provides a more comprehensive assessment of light chain production and its relevance to diagnosing plasma cell proliferation.