Anti Phospholipid Antibody, IgA

The Anti Phospholipid Antibody, IgA test measures the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the blood. These antibodies are formed when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks phospholipids (the essential component of cell membranes). Once formed, these antibodies can bind to phospholipids and other proteins, leading to the activation of the blood clotting cascade and the development of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which increases the likelihood of abnormal blood clotting, recurrent miscarriages, and other complications. 

The Anti Phospholipid Antibody, IgA test measures specific IgA antibodies that are associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Identifying these antibodies is crucial for diagnosing APS, especially in cases where symptoms are unusual or accompanied by other autoimmune diseases.

This test is usually recommended for individuals who have had unexplained blood clots, multiple miscarriages, or other signs associated with APS, such as strokes or recurrent pregnancy loss. It can differentiate between primary APS (occurs in the absence of any other autoimmune disease) and secondary APS (exists predominantly with another autoimmune disease). The test can also be used to monitor disease activity and assess treatment effectiveness in individuals diagnosed with APS or other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It can be suggested for patients with a history of venous or arterial clotting and unexplained pregnancy complications to assess the risk of developing future blood clots and to formulate effective treatment such as anticoagulation therapy. Lastly, it may be done when an individual has a positive result for other types of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), such as IgG or IgM, to confirm the presence and specificity of the antibodies involved. 

For this test, a duly filled coagulation requisition form (Annexure - CR/05) is mandatory for sample collection. This form can be provided by the laboratory personnel (phlebotomist) before sample withdrawal. It is also recommended to discontinue heparin for a day and oral anticoagulants for 7 days before sample collection, following consultation and prior consent from the treating doctor. 

Lab test results may vary across different laboratories. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation. Therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results. Always consult a doctor for a proper understanding of the test results. The insights from this test help the doctor tailor an appropriate treatment plan.