Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester

The Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester test is a prenatal screening test typically conducted between 14-22 weeks of gestation, ideally between 15-20 weeks (the second trimester) of pregnancy. It analyzes three key biochemical markers in the blood: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and unconjugated Estriol (uE3). Combined with ultrasound findings, this evaluation calculates the risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects in the developing fetus.

The Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester test is tailored to give expectant parents insights into the developing baby’s health. It analyzes specific markers in the mother’s blood to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18), wherein extra copies of chromosome 21 and 18 are present and affect the baby's physical and intellectual development. Additionally, it screens for neural tube defects like spina bifida (a spinal cord defect) and anencephaly (a brain defect). These birth defects can result in nerve damage, learning disabilities, paralysis, or stillbirth.

The ‘triple’ in Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester test refers to the three specific markers measured in the mother’s blood during the screening: AFP, hCG, and uE3. They collectively help estimate the likelihood of certain fetal abnormalities that can affect the baby’s growth and development. The recommendation of the Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester test is often based on maternal age, medical history, and individual risk factors for chromosomal abnormalities. Pregnant women should consult their doctor to determine the most appropriate screening or diagnostic test based on their specific circumstances.

The results of the biochemical screening are analyzed using an algorithm that takes into account age, race, weight, diabetic status, smoking history, number of fetuses, history of any previous abortion/miscarriage, IVF status, donor's date of birth (DOB), biparietal diameter (BPD) and gestational age. This generates a risk value for the presence of Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, and neural tube defects.

It is important to note that while the Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester test can screen pregnancies at higher risk for certain conditions, it does not provide a definitive diagnosis. It only tells whether the unborn baby is at risk of developing certain abnormalities and helps doctors and expectant parents make informed decisions about whether further diagnostic testing and genetic counseling are required. Additional confirmatory tests may include newer blood tests like Cell-free DNA (NIPT) to check for chromosomal abnormalities or invasive tests like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

No special preparation is required before undergoing the Triple Marker with Graph, 2nd Trimester test. However, an informed consent is needed before undertaking this test. The laboratory personnel will explain the purpose, benefits, and limitations of this test.

Abnormal lab test results represent only the risk and do not mean that the unborn baby has a birth defect or genetic condition. A negative screen means that there is a low risk of Down syndrome, trisomy 18, or an open neural tube defect in the fetus, but it does not guarantee the birth of a healthy baby. The accuracy of risk assessments is based on the demographic information provided at the time of testing. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results.