Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA), Quantitative Profile

The SCL-70 Antibody, Serum test detects the presence of antibodies against the topoisomerase I enzyme, which plays a role in DNA replication and repair. The presence of these antibodies are associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma. The test can help diagnose SSc, predict the risk of complications, and differentiate SSc from other similar autoimmune conditions. A positive test result suggests that the immune system may be attacking this enzyme, which can lead to tissue damage and fibrosis. A negative result typically means that these antibodies are not present, making systemic sclerosis less likely, though it doesn’t completely rule it out. Additional tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis or explore other possible autoimmune conditions.

The Anti SS-A Antibody test also known as the Anti-Ro antibody test, detects antibodies against the SS-A (Ro) antigen, which is commonly linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, and other connective tissue disorders. A positive result can indicate an increased risk of developing these conditions and is especially useful in diagnosing Sjögren’s syndrome. It also helps assess the risk of complications like neonatal lupus or congenital heart block in infants born to mothers with anti-SS-A antibodies. While a negative result generally suggests these conditions are less likely but does not completely rule them out as some individuals with these autoimmune conditions may not have detectable Anti SS-A antibodies.

The Anti SS-B Antibody also known as the Anti-La antibody test, detects antibodies against the SS-B (La) antigen, which is often associated with autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, and other connective tissue disorders. A positive result can suggest an increased risk for these conditions, particularly Sjögren’s syndrome, and may also be linked to complications such as neonatal lupus and congenital heart block in infants born to mothers with anti-SS-B antibodies. While a negative result generally indicates these conditions are less likely, it does not completely rule them out, as some individuals with these autoimmune diseases may not test positive for Anti SS-B antibodies.

The Jo-1 Antibody Serum, EIA test is used to detect the presence of Jo-1 antibodies in the blood, which are most commonly associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, two types of autoimmune inflammatory muscle diseases. These antibodies target a specific protein involved in protein synthesis within cells. A positive Jo-1 antibody test can help confirm the diagnosis of these conditions and may also indicate an increased risk for complications, such as interstitial lung disease, which often occurs alongside these diseases. While a negative result typically suggests that these conditions are less likely, it doesn't rule them out entirely. Additional tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis or explore other possible autoimmune conditions.

The Sm Antibody Smith Antibody Serum test detects the presence of antibodies against the Smith antigen, a protein found in the nucleus of cells. These antibodies are most commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues. A positive result for Sm antibodies is highly specific for SLE and can help confirm the diagnosis, especially when combined with other clinical findings. A negative result does not rule out lupus entirely, as some people with SLE may not have these antibodies. Additional tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis or explore other possible autoimmune conditions.

The Centromere Antibody, IgG test detects antibodies against the centromere, a part of the chromosome involved in cell division. These antibodies are most commonly associated with a condition called Limited Systemic Sclerosis (also known as CREST syndrome), a form of scleroderma that affects the skin and internal organs. A positive result for centromere antibodies is often used to help diagnose CREST syndrome and assess the likelihood of related complications. While a negative result suggests that this condition is less likely, it does not completely rule it out. Additional tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis or explore other possible autoimmune conditions.

The U1-SnRNP (68 KDa), Serum test detects antibodies against the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, a protein involved in RNA processing within cells. These antibodies are commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), especially in cases with more severe or active disease. The 68 KDa refers to the specific protein size targeted by the antibodies. A positive result can help confirm a diagnosis of SLE and may indicate a higher risk of kidney involvement or other serious complications. A negative result suggests that this condition is less likely, it does not completely rule it out. Additional tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis or explore other possible autoimmune conditions.