Hepatitis E Virus, IgM Antibody

The Hepatitis E Virus, IgM Antibody is a blood test that detects Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the recent (acute) Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. It helps diagnose Hepatitis E and assess whether an individual has immunity to this disease. 

Hepatitis E is an inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). The virus is shed in the stools of infected individuals and enters the human body through a faeco-oral route. It is transmitted mainly through contaminated drinking water. HEV causes acute liver disease, which can lead to severe outcomes, especially in high-risk populations such as pregnant women, young children and individuals with weakened immune systems. HEV infection is often asymptomatic, but symptoms can range from mild to severe including mild fever, reduced appetite (anorexia), nausea and vomiting lasting for a few days; abdominal pain, itching, skin rash, or joint pain; jaundice (yellow color of the skin), dark urine and pale stools; and a slightly enlarged, tender liver (hepatomegaly).

The Hepatitis E Virus, IgM Antibody test is used in individuals showing these symptoms, if they have a history of travel to areas with poor sanitation or those with a known exposure to the virus. This test is important for early diagnosis and treatment, which can prevent complications and minimizes the risk of transmission. 

The Hepatitis E Virus, IgM Antibody test measures the levels of IgM antibodies, the first line of defense produced by the immune system against HEV infection. These antibodies may remain detectable up to 6 months after onset of symptoms. The presence of these antibodies in the blood indicates a recent or current infection.

No special preparation is required for this test. However, it's advisable to refrain from consuming alcohol before the test, as alcohol can impact liver function and potentially affect the test results. Also, inform the doctor about all the medications or supplements that you are taking, as well as history of recent vaccinations, as all these factors can influence the test results. 

Lab test results may vary across laboratories. Abnormal test results require an expert interpretation, therefore, never try to self-medicate at home based solely on these results, and always consult a doctor for proper understanding of the test results and appropriate follow-up care, which may include additional testing to monitor liver function and ensure recovery.